Forestry by Minnesota. Forestry commissioner

Author:Minnesota. Forestry commissioner. [from old catalog]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Forests and forestry
Publisher: St. Paul
Published: 1896-03-25T05:00:00+00:00

INFERIOR OFFICIALS.

Foremen and wardens paid by the state an average of .. 1160.00 Foremen and wardens paid by the municipal corporations

and public institutions 116.00

The foremen and wardens receive in addition thereto allowances of firewood, tillable land, pasture grounds, etc.

Those in the employment of the state have free rent in houses built in the forest, or in lieu thereof they receive as compensation a cash equivalent.

The superior officials are entitled to a retreat pension at the age of 60 years, and the inferior officials at the age of 55 years.

France has three forestry schools. One school of higher instruction at Nancy; one school of secondary instruction, and one school of primary instruction. The two latter schools are established in the department of Loiret, on the possessions of the administration at Barres.

FORESTS OF MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS AND OF PUBLIC

INSTITUTIONS.

The forests of municipal corporations and of public institutions comprise 4,700,000 acres. They are supervised by the Forest Service on the same conditions and according to the same principles as the state forests. They contain about 200,000 acres of forests for protection, and their producing area is thereby reduced to 4,500,000 acres. They produce annually, timber, 42,000,000 cubic feet; fire wood, 128,000,000 cubic feet, and together, 170,000,-000 cubic feet. This represents nearly an annual production in wood of 38 cubic feet per acre of productive forest. The annual cash value of the product, including the bark, cork and rosin, is $6,400,000, or $1.42 gross income per acre. The net income is about $1. 14 per acre. The forests belonging to the municipalities and public institutions are under regulations approved by the president of the republic. These regulations and those of the state

forests have been established with a view of insuring a continuous annual production and even of increasing that production in the forests where it is not yet sufficient.

PRIVATE FORESTS.

Private individuals are at liberty to manage their forests as they please. But they are prohibited from cutting and taking trees from forests which are necessary ta maintain and regulate water flow, to protect lands against the encroachments of the sea and sands, to defend the territory, or which are necessary for the public health. The destruction of private forests has become rarer and rarer and the proprietors acknowledge now that on soils of poor quality the income from forests is greater than that from arable land. As a result the area of private forests, instead of decreasing, increases from year to year by reason of the timbering of lands on which agriculture pays but small profits.

The income from private forests in quantity and in money is not exactly known. It is, however, known that on the same area they pay less than the state forests. Private individuals in their anxiety to get returns are inclined to cut down the wood when it is too young, and in the forests where coppice wood is raised they do not leave a sufficient reserve, and oftentimes leave none at all. One can notice, however, that the principles of sylviculture are spreading more and more in the culture of private forests.

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